One of Hume's most well-known works and a masterpiece of philosophy, A Treatise of Human Nature is indubitably worth taking the time to read.

Background: Hospital nurses are frequently the first care givers to receive a patient’s request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (PAS). In France, there is no consensus over which medical practices should be considered euthanasia, and this lack of consensus blurred the debate about euthanasia and PAS legalisation. This study aimed to investigate French hospital nurses’ opinions towards both legalisations, including personal conceptions of euthanasia and working conditions and organisation. Methods: A phone survey conducted among a random national sample of 1502 (...) French hospital nurses. We studied factors associated with opinions towards euthanasia and PAS, including contextual factors related to hospital units with random-effects logistic models. Results: Overall, 48% of nurses supported legalisation of euthanasia and 29%, of PAS. Religiosity, training in pallative care/pain management and feeling competent in end-of-life care were negatively correlated with support for legalisation of both euthanasia and PAS, while nurses working at night were more prone to support legalisation of both. The support for legalisation of euthanasia and PAS was also weaker in pain treatment/palliative care and intensive care units, and it was stronger in units not benefiting from interventions of charity/religious workers and in units with more nurses. Conclusions: Many French hospital nurses uphold the legalisation of euthanasia and PAS, but these nurses may be the least likely to perform what proponents of legalisation call “good” euthanasia. Improving professional knowledge of palliative care could improve the management of end-of-life situations and help to clarify the debate over euthanasia. (shrink)

At the risk of proving myself such a caviller, I want to ask a question which I have seldom heard raised, and which I have never seen discussed in anything that I have read about Berkeley. If I am right, it poses a problem for his immaterialism, not only different, but coming from a different direction, from those objections that are commonly levelled against him. If I am wrong, it will show how right Berkeley was to stress the difficulty of (...) using for one purpose our language which has become fashioned for another. At least, I hope that I shall not fail to be the ‘fair and ingenuous reader’for whom he asked. (shrink)

A. D. Smith; VI*—The Self and the Good, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 85, Issue 1, 1 June 1985, Pages 101–118, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristot.

An assessment is made of Rudolf Otto's criticisms of Friedrich Schleiermacher's claim that religious feeling is to be interpreted as essentially involving a feeling of absolute dependence. Otto's criticisms are divided into two kinds. The first suggest that a feeling a dependence, even an absolute one, is the wrong sort of feeling to locate at the heart of religious consciousness. It is argued that this criticism is based on misinterpretations of Schleiermacher's view, which is in fact much closer to Otto's (...) than the latter appreciated. The second kind of criticism suggests that the feeling of absolute dependence cannot play the foundational role assigned to it by Schleiermacher, since it is itself a secondary response. It is argued not only that Otto provides no justification for this criticism, but that Otto's own position is incoherent unless Schleiermacher's view is accepted. (shrink)

The Problem of Perception offers two arguments against direct realism--one concerning illusion, and one concerning hallucination--that no current theory of ...

В книге дается анализ основных характерных признаков русской философии, позволяющие выделить ее как нечто особенное из общего контекста философских культур.

Moral theories which, like those of Plato, Aristotle and Aquinas, give a central place to the virtues, tend to assume that as traits of character the virtues are mutually compatible so that it is possible for one and the same person to possess them all. This assumption—let us call it the compatibility thesis—does not deny the existence of painful moral dilemmas: it allows that the virtues may conflict in particular situations when considerations associated with different virtues favour incompatible courses of (...) action, but holds that these conflicts occur only at the level of individual actions. Thus while it may not always be possible to do both what would be just and what would be kind or to act both loyally and honestly, it is possible to be both a kind and a just person and to have both the virtue of loyalty and the virtue of honesty. (shrink)

In her careful consideration of my book, The Problem of Perception (henceforth, PP), Susanna Siegel highlights what she takes to be a number of shortcomings in the work. First, she suggests that a sense‐datum theorist has two options–what she calls the “complex sense‐data option” and the “two‐factor option”–that survive the argument of my book unscathed. I consider these two options in the first two sections of this reply. Secondly, she criticizes my suggestion that there are three and only three basic (...) and independent sources of perceptual consciousness: an issue I take up in my third section. Thirdly, she expresses reservations about my response to the argument from hallucination. In particular, she argues that the phenomenological considerations on which I put so much weight cannot settle the fundamental issue here. I address this criticism in the fourth section of this reply. Finally, she spends a certain amount of time discussing the notion of a “veridicality‐rele‐vant property”, a topic to which I devote the concluding section of this reply. (shrink)

discussion de l'auteur. peu de théorie additionnelle. question de l'acceptation de la punition p330.

Um bei einer Wertung der Faktoren, die das Wachstum einer Population beeinflussen, zu einer richtigen Einsicht zu gelangen, empfiehlt es sich, nicht den relativen Wert dieser Faktoren in Bezug auf die in Rede stehende Insektenpopulation auszudrücken, sondern ihre absolute Grösse in Faktoreinheiten zum Ausdruck zu bringen — wie: Wärme in Grad Celsius, Luftfeuchtigkeit in Prozenten, Zahl der im Bevölkerungsmilieu vorgefundenen Raubinsekten oder Parasiten. Auf dieser Grundlage liessen sich Faktoren in folgender Weise aufteilen: Faktoren ersten Grades : Allgemeine Faktoren : Unabhängige (...) Faktoren : nicht mechanische Klimaeinflüsse , chemische Faktoren, Güte der Nahrung. Abhängige Faktoren : die internen Faktoren, die bei einer Zunahme der Dichtigkeit einen Rückgang des Zuwachses bewirken, mit Ausnahme des Kannibalismus, ferner die Menge der Nahrung. Selektive Faktoren : Unabhängige Faktoren : unersättliche Faktoren : mechanische Klimaeinflüsse, weitere mechanische Faktoren, Parasiten und Raubfeinde, die nicht mit töten aufhören, wenn sie gesättigt sind, insofern ihre Bevölkerungsdichte nicht durch die des fraglichen Insektes bedingt wird. ersättliche Faktoren: restliche Raubinsekten und Parasiten, insofern ihre Bevölkerungsdichte nicht durch die des fraglichen Insektes bedingt wird. Abhängige Faktoren : Kannibalismus. Wandelbare Faktoren : Raubinsekten und Parasiten, welche diesem Erfordernis entsprechen, pathogene Pilze und Bakterien. Faktoren zweiten Ranges . Faktoren des dritten Ranges .Afin d'obtenir une notion exacte de la valeur des facteurs qui influencent la croissance d'une population, il vaudra mieux ne pas exprimer ces facteurs en leur valeur relative quant à la population d'insectes en question, mais en unités de facteurs: degrés Celsius, pourcentage de l'humidité de l'air, nombre d'ennemis ou de parasites qui sont présents dans le milieu de la population. Sur cette base on pourra répartir les facteurs de la façon suivante: Facteurs du 1er ordre : Facteurs généraux : influences climatiques non mécaniques , facteurs chimiques, qualité de la nourriture. Facteurs dépendants : les facteurs internes qui font de sorte que la densité de la population diminue quand se présente une plus forte densité, en exceptant le cannibalisme, la quantité de nourriture. Facteurs selectifs ; seule une partie des individus est exposée à leur action; les animaux touchés sont mécaniquement endommagés et, dans la règle, tués. Facteurs indépendants : facteurs insatiables : des influences climatiques mécaniques, d'autres facteurs mécaniques, des parasites et des ennemis qui ne s'arrêtent pas de tuer quand ils sont rassasiés, pour autant que l'intensité de la population de l'insecte en question. facteurs rassasiables: autres ennemis et parasites pour autant que l'intensité de leur population ne se modifie pas sous l'influence de la densité de la population de l'insecte en question. Facteurs indépendants : cannibalisme. Facteurs modifiables : ennemis et parasites qui satisfont à cette exigence, champignons pathogènes, bactéries. Facteurs du 2ième ordre . Facteurs du 3iéme ordre. (shrink)